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WANG Xihua, JIA Shunqing, XU Yijun, LIU Zejun, MAO Boyang, LYU Qinya, JI Xuming, LUO Chengming, DAI Yan, RONG Yanxin
2025,41(6):1-11
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.001
Abstract:
The study systematically reviews the intrinsic mechanisms and reservoir dynamics of watershed-scale nitrogen retention, summarizing its spatiotemporal distribution characteristics, key influencing factors, as well as the current research and application status of numerical models. Research has found that there are bottlenecks in understanding the coupling mechanism of multimedia interfaces, quantifying the lag effect of nitrogen retention, and uncertainty in cross scale models, leading to spatial and temporal mismatches between management policies and water quality responses. Future research needs to deepen the understanding of the surface water-sediment-groundwater continuum coupling mechanism, promote the deep integration of artificial intelligence and mechanistic models, and innovate adaptive management paradigms based on nature-based solutions. Keywords: nitrogen retention; watershed-scale; surface water-sediment-groundwater; nitrogen cycle; nature-based solution 〖FL
The study systematically reviews the intrinsic mechanisms and reservoir dynamics of watershed-scale nitrogen retention, summarizing its spatiotemporal distribution characteristics, key influencing factors, as well as the current research and application status of numerical models. Research has found that there are bottlenecks in understanding the coupling mechanism of multimedia interfaces, quantifying the lag effect of nitrogen retention, and uncertainty in cross scale models, leading to spatial and temporal mismatches between management policies and water quality responses. Future research needs to deepen the understanding of the surface water-sediment-groundwater continuum coupling mechanism, promote the deep integration of artificial intelligence and mechanistic models, and innovate adaptive management paradigms based on nature-based solutions. Keywords: nitrogen retention; watershed-scale; surface water-sediment-groundwater; nitrogen cycle; nature-based solution 〖FL
2025,41(6):12-17
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.002
Abstract:
A dual-layer equivalent channel method based on nonlinear Muskingum flood forecasting method is proposed to address the new challenges posed by the construction of national digital twin watersheds for predicting river water level and flow velocity in flood forecasting. This method uses the Muskingum parameters K and X to derive the formula for the dual-layer equivalent channel section, thereby achieving synchronous simulation of water level and flow velocity through hydrodynamic methods based on traditional flow calculation methods. Using the flood process from Chenggouwan Station to Linqing Station on the South Canal as an example for verification. The results show that compared with traditional method, the dual-layer equivalent channel method can not only forecast flow in areas lacking large cross-section data through hydrodynamic methods, but also simulate water depth and flow velocity information at any time and any cross-section of the river channel, achieving the expansion of large cross-section data of the river channel. The determination coefficients of the simulation results of the flow rate of Linqing Section using parabolic and rectangular dual-layer equivalent channel methods are both above 0.98, with peak error percentages of 0.3% and 0.17%, respectively, and root mean square errors of less than 20 m3/s. In terms of simulating the flow velocity of the Linqing Section, both the parabolic and rectangular dual-layer equivalent channel methods accurately simulated the time when the maximum flow velocity occurred. Keywords: digital twin watershed; nonlinear Muskingum method; flood forecasting; hydrology and hydrodynamics; equivalent channel 〖FL
A dual-layer equivalent channel method based on nonlinear Muskingum flood forecasting method is proposed to address the new challenges posed by the construction of national digital twin watersheds for predicting river water level and flow velocity in flood forecasting. This method uses the Muskingum parameters K and X to derive the formula for the dual-layer equivalent channel section, thereby achieving synchronous simulation of water level and flow velocity through hydrodynamic methods based on traditional flow calculation methods. Using the flood process from Chenggouwan Station to Linqing Station on the South Canal as an example for verification. The results show that compared with traditional method, the dual-layer equivalent channel method can not only forecast flow in areas lacking large cross-section data through hydrodynamic methods, but also simulate water depth and flow velocity information at any time and any cross-section of the river channel, achieving the expansion of large cross-section data of the river channel. The determination coefficients of the simulation results of the flow rate of Linqing Section using parabolic and rectangular dual-layer equivalent channel methods are both above 0.98, with peak error percentages of 0.3% and 0.17%, respectively, and root mean square errors of less than 20 m3/s. In terms of simulating the flow velocity of the Linqing Section, both the parabolic and rectangular dual-layer equivalent channel methods accurately simulated the time when the maximum flow velocity occurred. Keywords: digital twin watershed; nonlinear Muskingum method; flood forecasting; hydrology and hydrodynamics; equivalent channel 〖FL
2025,41(6):18-27
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.003
Abstract:
In response to the problem of insufficient research on flood disaster-prone environment in highly urbanized area, a sensitivity assessment model for flood disaster-prone environment was constructed based on fuzzy logic methods. Using Fuzzy Gamma and Fuzzy Sum operators for nonlinear hierarchical superposition, the sensitivity of flood disaster-prone environment was evaluated by the model. Trend analysis, kernel density estimation, and Moran’s index methods were combined to analyze their spatiotemporal evolution characteristics, and a case study was conducted in the Qinhuai River Basin. The results indicate that the overall sensitivity level of the Qinhuai River Basin showed an increasing trend, with significant differences among sub-basins. In 2020,78% of flood-prone points were distributed in highly sensitive areas with sensitivity greater than 0.5, demonstrating high consistency between model assessments and measured risk distribution. The proposed method effectively assesses the sensitivity of flood disaster-prone environment in highly urbanized areas and reflects its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics. Keywords: flood disaster-prone environment; sensitivity assessment model; fuzzy logic; the Qinhuai River Basin 〖FL
In response to the problem of insufficient research on flood disaster-prone environment in highly urbanized area, a sensitivity assessment model for flood disaster-prone environment was constructed based on fuzzy logic methods. Using Fuzzy Gamma and Fuzzy Sum operators for nonlinear hierarchical superposition, the sensitivity of flood disaster-prone environment was evaluated by the model. Trend analysis, kernel density estimation, and Moran’s index methods were combined to analyze their spatiotemporal evolution characteristics, and a case study was conducted in the Qinhuai River Basin. The results indicate that the overall sensitivity level of the Qinhuai River Basin showed an increasing trend, with significant differences among sub-basins. In 2020,78% of flood-prone points were distributed in highly sensitive areas with sensitivity greater than 0.5, demonstrating high consistency between model assessments and measured risk distribution. The proposed method effectively assesses the sensitivity of flood disaster-prone environment in highly urbanized areas and reflects its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics. Keywords: flood disaster-prone environment; sensitivity assessment model; fuzzy logic; the Qinhuai River Basin 〖FL
2025,41(6):28-33
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.004
Abstract:
To improve the consistency of rainfall runoff calculation methods in urban small catchments, based on the hydrological basic theory of urban small catchments, the similarities and differences between the rational formula method and the SWMM motion wave method for calculating surface runoff were analyzed. A volume-based runoff coefficient calculation method involving soil type, design rainfall intensity, and impermeable area ratio was proposed. A case study was carried out in Beijing. The proposed method was used to calculate the volume-based runoff coefficient, which was taken into the rational formula to calculate the peak flow of rainstorm runoff, and compared with the calculation results of SWMM. The results indicate that under the assumption of uniform spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall and hydrological losses, the rational formula method is a special case of the motion wave method. The concept of volume-based runoff coefficient is consistent with that of rainfall runoff coefficient, and is numerically equal to that of flow runoff coefficient. Based on the volume-based runoff coefficient, the peak flow of rainstorm runoff in Beijing calculated by the rational formula has a high consistency with the SWMM calculation results. Keywords: urban small catchment; volume-based runoff coefficient; rational formula method; SWMM; kinematic wave method 〖FL
To improve the consistency of rainfall runoff calculation methods in urban small catchments, based on the hydrological basic theory of urban small catchments, the similarities and differences between the rational formula method and the SWMM motion wave method for calculating surface runoff were analyzed. A volume-based runoff coefficient calculation method involving soil type, design rainfall intensity, and impermeable area ratio was proposed. A case study was carried out in Beijing. The proposed method was used to calculate the volume-based runoff coefficient, which was taken into the rational formula to calculate the peak flow of rainstorm runoff, and compared with the calculation results of SWMM. The results indicate that under the assumption of uniform spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall and hydrological losses, the rational formula method is a special case of the motion wave method. The concept of volume-based runoff coefficient is consistent with that of rainfall runoff coefficient, and is numerically equal to that of flow runoff coefficient. Based on the volume-based runoff coefficient, the peak flow of rainstorm runoff in Beijing calculated by the rational formula has a high consistency with the SWMM calculation results. Keywords: urban small catchment; volume-based runoff coefficient; rational formula method; SWMM; kinematic wave method 〖FL
2025,41(6):34-41
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.005
Abstract:
A complex terrain urban waterlogging simulation method based on drainage capacity analysis is proposed to address the problem of limited accuracy in simulating waterlogging in the main urban area of Guiyang City due to complex terrain and lack of pipeline data. The method is based on a fully distributed runoff simulation model, and constructs an urban waterlogging simulation framework that supports drainage output under complex terrain conditions. Based on the random forest algorithm, a bidirectional prediction model of drainage capacity and water depth is constructed, and historical disaster cases combined with precipitation data are used to predict the waterlogging process in Guiyang City. A flood simulation experiment was conducted on June 29,2024, and the results showed that 12 out of 16 historical flooding points were accurately simulated, and the model simulation accuracy met the practical requirements. Keywords: urban waterlogging simulation; drainage capacity analysis; runoff simulation model; random forest algorithm; Guiyang City 〖FL
A complex terrain urban waterlogging simulation method based on drainage capacity analysis is proposed to address the problem of limited accuracy in simulating waterlogging in the main urban area of Guiyang City due to complex terrain and lack of pipeline data. The method is based on a fully distributed runoff simulation model, and constructs an urban waterlogging simulation framework that supports drainage output under complex terrain conditions. Based on the random forest algorithm, a bidirectional prediction model of drainage capacity and water depth is constructed, and historical disaster cases combined with precipitation data are used to predict the waterlogging process in Guiyang City. A flood simulation experiment was conducted on June 29,2024, and the results showed that 12 out of 16 historical flooding points were accurately simulated, and the model simulation accuracy met the practical requirements. Keywords: urban waterlogging simulation; drainage capacity analysis; runoff simulation model; random forest algorithm; Guiyang City 〖FL
2025,41(6):42-51, 65
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.006
Abstract:
Aiming at the difficult problem of urban underground space waterlogging simulation, the surface-underground space coupling waterlogging simulation method was put forward, the coupled flooding of surface and underground space under rainstorm waterlogging was analyzed, and an example verification and pressure tests in Shenzhen City subway were carried out. The results show that compared to the traditional waterlogging model that only considers surface waterlogging, the accuracy of the surface-underground space coupling waterlogging model has been improved to 87.14%. It was found that under the current platform height of the subway entrance, the rainstorm with rainfall return periods of 50,100, 500, and 1000 a caused water ingress at 8,11, 16, and 18 subway entrances, respectively. If the platform height of the subway entrance is set to exceed the ground height by 0.45 m according to the minimum standard of the specifications, 7.91% of the subway entrances cannot meet the flood prevention requirements when the rainfall recurrence period is greater than 100 a.Keywords: urban waterlogging; surface-underground space coupling; stress test; subway; Shenzhen City 〖FL
Aiming at the difficult problem of urban underground space waterlogging simulation, the surface-underground space coupling waterlogging simulation method was put forward, the coupled flooding of surface and underground space under rainstorm waterlogging was analyzed, and an example verification and pressure tests in Shenzhen City subway were carried out. The results show that compared to the traditional waterlogging model that only considers surface waterlogging, the accuracy of the surface-underground space coupling waterlogging model has been improved to 87.14%. It was found that under the current platform height of the subway entrance, the rainstorm with rainfall return periods of 50,100, 500, and 1000 a caused water ingress at 8,11, 16, and 18 subway entrances, respectively. If the platform height of the subway entrance is set to exceed the ground height by 0.45 m according to the minimum standard of the specifications, 7.91% of the subway entrances cannot meet the flood prevention requirements when the rainfall recurrence period is greater than 100 a.Keywords: urban waterlogging; surface-underground space coupling; stress test; subway; Shenzhen City 〖FL
2025,41(6):52-65
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.007
Abstract:
This study identified the interrelated elements of multidimensional subsystems such as water resources, energy, and socio-economic factors, environment, and constructed a system dynamic model of the water-energy coupling system in the nine provinces, and autonomous regions of the Yellow River Basin. Driven by the climate scenario of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway
This study identified the interrelated elements of multidimensional subsystems such as water resources, energy, and socio-economic factors, environment, and constructed a system dynamic model of the water-energy coupling system in the nine provinces, and autonomous regions of the Yellow River Basin. Driven by the climate scenario of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway
2025,41(6):66-76
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.008
Abstract:
Water is restrictive resource in the Yellow River Basin, North China Plain and the estuary delta. As a key part affecting the long-term safety of the lower Yellow River, the estuary needs to be comprehensively controlled coordinating with water and sediment. On the basis of estuary outlet optimization, engineering measures and possible impacts for the storage, protection, allocation, and utilization of freshwater are proposed. An estuary comprehensive management plan is proposed, which includes building a gate control and regulation hub on the mainstream at Xihekou, constructing large-scale reservoirs in Laizhou Bay and along the west Bohai Gulf, and laying out protection systems and related service systems along the delta and gulf reservoirs. The research results show that the plan can stably recover 10 billion m3 of high-quality fresh water, provide sufficient regulating storage capacity and convenient water distribution system, while ensuring flood control, sediment reduction, and the delta stability. It helps to improve the water and sediment regulation mechanism of the Yellow River, maintain the downstream sediment transport water, ensure long-term siltation reduction in the river channel, promote prosperity of the estuarine wetlands, and alleviate water shortage in the pan delta area, creating basic conditions for high-quality development in the pan delta area for the future. Keywords: estuary delta; water and sediment regulation; gulf reservoir; water resources; long-term safety; the lower Yellow River 〖FL
Water is restrictive resource in the Yellow River Basin, North China Plain and the estuary delta. As a key part affecting the long-term safety of the lower Yellow River, the estuary needs to be comprehensively controlled coordinating with water and sediment. On the basis of estuary outlet optimization, engineering measures and possible impacts for the storage, protection, allocation, and utilization of freshwater are proposed. An estuary comprehensive management plan is proposed, which includes building a gate control and regulation hub on the mainstream at Xihekou, constructing large-scale reservoirs in Laizhou Bay and along the west Bohai Gulf, and laying out protection systems and related service systems along the delta and gulf reservoirs. The research results show that the plan can stably recover 10 billion m3 of high-quality fresh water, provide sufficient regulating storage capacity and convenient water distribution system, while ensuring flood control, sediment reduction, and the delta stability. It helps to improve the water and sediment regulation mechanism of the Yellow River, maintain the downstream sediment transport water, ensure long-term siltation reduction in the river channel, promote prosperity of the estuarine wetlands, and alleviate water shortage in the pan delta area, creating basic conditions for high-quality development in the pan delta area for the future. Keywords: estuary delta; water and sediment regulation; gulf reservoir; water resources; long-term safety; the lower Yellow River 〖FL
2025,41(6):77-84, 94
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.009
Abstract:
This article analyzes the practical problems and research needs in the protection and management of water resources in Ji-shaped bend of the Yellow River, focusing on the implementation of the “Four Principles for Water Management” policy, in response to major national needs such as sustainable utilization of water resources, green and high-quality development, and the “annihilation war” of desertification prevention and control, as well as prominent issues such as the lack of coordination in the “human-water-city-land-industry” relationship under the shortage of water resources in the region. Key technological issues such as exploring the driving mechanism of regional water demand and tapping into water-saving potential, analyzing the synergistic evolution law of multiple factors in the “Four Principles for Water Management” and the regulation threshold, determining and warning prevention and control of risks in the implementation of the “Four Principles for Water Management” were identified. An overall research framework for intelligent monitoring, evaluation, warning, and water regulation of the “Four Principles for Water Management” in Ji-shaped bend of the Yellow River was constructed, and the key technical contents of intelligent monitoring, risk assessment, and real-time warning of the “Four Principles for Water Management” were analyzed. The implementation path for the integration and optimization of key technologies for regional groundwater river lake system protection and industrial water adaptation regulation, as well as the demonstration of integrated green coordinated development of water production energy grain under rigid constraints of water resources, has been clarified, providing important scientific and technological support for promoting the green and high-quality development in Ji-shaped bend of the Yellow River and ecological civilization construction. Keywords: “Four Principles for Water Management”; intelligent monitoring; evaluation and early warning; water suitable regulation; conservation and restoration; integrated demonstration; Ji-shaped bend of the Yellow River 〖FL
This article analyzes the practical problems and research needs in the protection and management of water resources in Ji-shaped bend of the Yellow River, focusing on the implementation of the “Four Principles for Water Management” policy, in response to major national needs such as sustainable utilization of water resources, green and high-quality development, and the “annihilation war” of desertification prevention and control, as well as prominent issues such as the lack of coordination in the “human-water-city-land-industry” relationship under the shortage of water resources in the region. Key technological issues such as exploring the driving mechanism of regional water demand and tapping into water-saving potential, analyzing the synergistic evolution law of multiple factors in the “Four Principles for Water Management” and the regulation threshold, determining and warning prevention and control of risks in the implementation of the “Four Principles for Water Management” were identified. An overall research framework for intelligent monitoring, evaluation, warning, and water regulation of the “Four Principles for Water Management” in Ji-shaped bend of the Yellow River was constructed, and the key technical contents of intelligent monitoring, risk assessment, and real-time warning of the “Four Principles for Water Management” were analyzed. The implementation path for the integration and optimization of key technologies for regional groundwater river lake system protection and industrial water adaptation regulation, as well as the demonstration of integrated green coordinated development of water production energy grain under rigid constraints of water resources, has been clarified, providing important scientific and technological support for promoting the green and high-quality development in Ji-shaped bend of the Yellow River and ecological civilization construction. Keywords: “Four Principles for Water Management”; intelligent monitoring; evaluation and early warning; water suitable regulation; conservation and restoration; integrated demonstration; Ji-shaped bend of the Yellow River 〖FL
2025,41(6):85-94
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.010
Abstract:
To identify the coordinated development status and limiting factors of water and sediment-ecology-economy in various intervals of the Yellow River Basin under influence of reservoir group operation, a comprehensive evaluation index system considering the impact of reservoir regulation and storage was constructed. An improved TOPSIS joint grey relational analysis model was established, and corresponding coupled coordination degree models and obstacle degree models were proposed. The results show that from 2000 to 2022, the development index of water and sediment, ecology, and economic subsystems in the upper, middle, and lower reach intervals of the Yellow River Basin showed an increasing trend and generally a lagging type of water and sediment subsystem, and their development index was significantly linearly correlated with the inflow. The overall coordinated development degree of each interval has improved, and the lower reach interval has remained stable at a good coordination level. The upper and middle reach intervals have fallen back to a medium coordination level since 2021. The coordinated development of the basin is mainly constrained by the water and sediment subsystem, which is more prominent in drought years. The upper reach interval is mainly constrained by the total amount of water resources and development utilization rate, while the middle and lower reach intervals are also constrained by factors such as reservoir sediment discharge ratio and river channel erosion and deposition. In the ecology and economy subsystems, impermeable area, fertilizer application intensity, habitat index, urban-rural disposable income ratio, and per capita domestic water consumption are the main limiting factors. Keywords: reservoir group operation; coupled coordination degree model; obstacle degree model; water and sediment subsystem; the Yellow River Basin 〖FL
To identify the coordinated development status and limiting factors of water and sediment-ecology-economy in various intervals of the Yellow River Basin under influence of reservoir group operation, a comprehensive evaluation index system considering the impact of reservoir regulation and storage was constructed. An improved TOPSIS joint grey relational analysis model was established, and corresponding coupled coordination degree models and obstacle degree models were proposed. The results show that from 2000 to 2022, the development index of water and sediment, ecology, and economic subsystems in the upper, middle, and lower reach intervals of the Yellow River Basin showed an increasing trend and generally a lagging type of water and sediment subsystem, and their development index was significantly linearly correlated with the inflow. The overall coordinated development degree of each interval has improved, and the lower reach interval has remained stable at a good coordination level. The upper and middle reach intervals have fallen back to a medium coordination level since 2021. The coordinated development of the basin is mainly constrained by the water and sediment subsystem, which is more prominent in drought years. The upper reach interval is mainly constrained by the total amount of water resources and development utilization rate, while the middle and lower reach intervals are also constrained by factors such as reservoir sediment discharge ratio and river channel erosion and deposition. In the ecology and economy subsystems, impermeable area, fertilizer application intensity, habitat index, urban-rural disposable income ratio, and per capita domestic water consumption are the main limiting factors. Keywords: reservoir group operation; coupled coordination degree model; obstacle degree model; water and sediment subsystem; the Yellow River Basin 〖FL
2025,41(6):95-104
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.011
Abstract:
Based on the application research of machine learning in remote sensing-based evapotranspiration estimation, combined with bibliometric analysis, this paper discusses the research progress of remote sensing-based evapotranspiration estimation using machine learning from three aspects:multi-scale regression prediction, multi-source data fusion, and physical mechanism coupling. At the same time, the commonly used remote sensing inversion parameters were outlined, and the principles, advantages and disadvantages, and applicable scenarios of various mainstream machine learning models were explained. Future related research should improve the quality of input data, reduce the uncertainty of remote sensing inversion products, promote the development of interpretable machine learning algorithms, strengthen the coupling between physical mechanisms and machine learning models, and further consider the uncertainty brought by vegetation structure and physiological adjustments to evapotranspiration estimation under the background of climate change. Keywords: evapotranspiration estimation; remote sensing; climate change; machine learning; physical mechanisms 〖FL
Based on the application research of machine learning in remote sensing-based evapotranspiration estimation, combined with bibliometric analysis, this paper discusses the research progress of remote sensing-based evapotranspiration estimation using machine learning from three aspects:multi-scale regression prediction, multi-source data fusion, and physical mechanism coupling. At the same time, the commonly used remote sensing inversion parameters were outlined, and the principles, advantages and disadvantages, and applicable scenarios of various mainstream machine learning models were explained. Future related research should improve the quality of input data, reduce the uncertainty of remote sensing inversion products, promote the development of interpretable machine learning algorithms, strengthen the coupling between physical mechanisms and machine learning models, and further consider the uncertainty brought by vegetation structure and physiological adjustments to evapotranspiration estimation under the background of climate change. Keywords: evapotranspiration estimation; remote sensing; climate change; machine learning; physical mechanisms 〖FL
2025,41(6):105-112
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.012
Abstract:
To investigate the application of the conductivity mass balance
To investigate the application of the conductivity mass balance
2025,41(6):113-122, 148
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.013
Abstract:
To quantitatively assess the contribution rates of climate change and human activities to the changes in runoff and sediment inflow into Poyang Lake, based on the observed runoff and sediment data at hydrological stations of five major tributaries in the Poyang Lake Basin from 1957 to 2023, the trend and abrupt points of runoff and sediment inflow into the lake were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test and cumulative anomaly method, and the SWAT model was used to simulate water-sediment processes before and after the abrupt points in the basin. The results showed that the annual average runoff inflow into Poyang Lake exhibited an insignificant increasing trend, while the annual average sediment load into the lake demonstrated a statistically significant decreasing trend, with abrupt changes of runoff and sediment occurring in 1990. Compared with the baseline period of 1957-1989, the annual average runoff inflow into the lake from 1990 to 2023 increased by 10.12 billion m3, and the annual average sediment load into the lake decreased by 6.298 million t. Climate change is the primary driving factor leading to the increase in the runoff inflow into Poyang Lake, with a contribution rate of 78.7%, and human activities play a dominant role in reduction of the sediment load into Poyang Lake, with a contribution rate of 85.1%. Keywords: changes in runoff and sediment; climate change; human activities; SWAT model; the Poyang Lake Basin 〖FL
To quantitatively assess the contribution rates of climate change and human activities to the changes in runoff and sediment inflow into Poyang Lake, based on the observed runoff and sediment data at hydrological stations of five major tributaries in the Poyang Lake Basin from 1957 to 2023, the trend and abrupt points of runoff and sediment inflow into the lake were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test and cumulative anomaly method, and the SWAT model was used to simulate water-sediment processes before and after the abrupt points in the basin. The results showed that the annual average runoff inflow into Poyang Lake exhibited an insignificant increasing trend, while the annual average sediment load into the lake demonstrated a statistically significant decreasing trend, with abrupt changes of runoff and sediment occurring in 1990. Compared with the baseline period of 1957-1989, the annual average runoff inflow into the lake from 1990 to 2023 increased by 10.12 billion m3, and the annual average sediment load into the lake decreased by 6.298 million t. Climate change is the primary driving factor leading to the increase in the runoff inflow into Poyang Lake, with a contribution rate of 78.7%, and human activities play a dominant role in reduction of the sediment load into Poyang Lake, with a contribution rate of 85.1%. Keywords: changes in runoff and sediment; climate change; human activities; SWAT model; the Poyang Lake Basin 〖FL
2025,41(6):123-131
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.014
Abstract:
To promote the intensive utilization of water resources and facilitate the sustainable development of harmonious human-water relationship, the characteristics of quality-divided water supply in China were analyzed through literature research and engineering investigation. The existing water supply quality standards and policies in different industries were systematically reviewed. The application status of quality-divided water supply in China was analyzed from the aspects of high-quality water use such as drinking water and special industrial water use, as well as low-quality water use such as industrial water and municipal miscellaneous water. It was found that during the practices of quality-divided water supply, there were problems such as pipeline misconnection, low water supply quality guarantee rate, difficulty in unifying user acceptance, and uneven regional economic conditions and technical development levels, which made it difficult to popularize quality-divided water supply. Based on this, countermeasures and suggestions such as accelerating the introduction of policies, strengthening technological research and development, and increasing popular science publicity were put forward. Keywords: quality-divided water supply; optimal use of water; piping drinking water; reclaimed water 〖FL
To promote the intensive utilization of water resources and facilitate the sustainable development of harmonious human-water relationship, the characteristics of quality-divided water supply in China were analyzed through literature research and engineering investigation. The existing water supply quality standards and policies in different industries were systematically reviewed. The application status of quality-divided water supply in China was analyzed from the aspects of high-quality water use such as drinking water and special industrial water use, as well as low-quality water use such as industrial water and municipal miscellaneous water. It was found that during the practices of quality-divided water supply, there were problems such as pipeline misconnection, low water supply quality guarantee rate, difficulty in unifying user acceptance, and uneven regional economic conditions and technical development levels, which made it difficult to popularize quality-divided water supply. Based on this, countermeasures and suggestions such as accelerating the introduction of policies, strengthening technological research and development, and increasing popular science publicity were put forward. Keywords: quality-divided water supply; optimal use of water; piping drinking water; reclaimed water 〖FL
2025,41(6):132-138, 185
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.015
Abstract:
To investigate the application of global precipitation data, such as the data from satellite remote sensing and atmospheric reanalysis, in data-scarce small-scale basins, a case study was conducted in the Yangyi Reservoir Basin in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. The study utilized a high-resolution global precipitation product, i.e., multi-source weighted-ensemble precipitation
To investigate the application of global precipitation data, such as the data from satellite remote sensing and atmospheric reanalysis, in data-scarce small-scale basins, a case study was conducted in the Yangyi Reservoir Basin in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. The study utilized a high-resolution global precipitation product, i.e., multi-source weighted-ensemble precipitation
2025,41(6):139-148
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.016
Abstract:
To reveal the response characteristics of reservoir group operation to the non-stationary inflow runoff and achieve adaptive reservoir operation, the reservoir group in the Xijiang River Basin was used as a research object. An evolutionary multi-objective direct policy search algorithm was employed to construct a multi-objective optimization operation model for the reservoir group, and the optimal solutions that balance multiple objectives of power generation, ecology, and water level were obtained. Under both stationary and non-stationary runoff conditions, the sensitivity analysis method was used to re-evaluate the optimal solutions, and further to reveal the sensitivity response characteristics of operation objectives to inflow runoff. The results indicate that there are significant trade-off relationships between the rates of ecological water shortage and water level risk at the Wuzhou station and the average output of the reservoir group in the Xijiang River Basin. The sensitivity of operation objectives to inflow runoff does not show significant differences among different optimal solutions, but it is more responsive to non-stationary runoff. The wet-dry variations in runoff under non-stationary conditions are more pronounced, which to some extent enhances the average output of the cascade reservoir group, while also leading to higher rates of ecological water shortage and water level risks at the Wuzhou station. Keywords: reservoir group operation; non-stationary runoff; multi-objective optimization operation model; direct policy search algorithm; sensitivity analysis method; the Xijiang River Basin 〖FL
To reveal the response characteristics of reservoir group operation to the non-stationary inflow runoff and achieve adaptive reservoir operation, the reservoir group in the Xijiang River Basin was used as a research object. An evolutionary multi-objective direct policy search algorithm was employed to construct a multi-objective optimization operation model for the reservoir group, and the optimal solutions that balance multiple objectives of power generation, ecology, and water level were obtained. Under both stationary and non-stationary runoff conditions, the sensitivity analysis method was used to re-evaluate the optimal solutions, and further to reveal the sensitivity response characteristics of operation objectives to inflow runoff. The results indicate that there are significant trade-off relationships between the rates of ecological water shortage and water level risk at the Wuzhou station and the average output of the reservoir group in the Xijiang River Basin. The sensitivity of operation objectives to inflow runoff does not show significant differences among different optimal solutions, but it is more responsive to non-stationary runoff. The wet-dry variations in runoff under non-stationary conditions are more pronounced, which to some extent enhances the average output of the cascade reservoir group, while also leading to higher rates of ecological water shortage and water level risks at the Wuzhou station. Keywords: reservoir group operation; non-stationary runoff; multi-objective optimization operation model; direct policy search algorithm; sensitivity analysis method; the Xijiang River Basin 〖FL
2025,41(6):149-157
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.017
Abstract:
To evaluate the application effectiveness of the mass-conserving long short-term memory
To evaluate the application effectiveness of the mass-conserving long short-term memory
2025,41(6):158-166
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.018
Abstract:
To investigate the effect of variation components in flood series on flood frequency analysis of the Pinglu Canal, taking the hydrological control section of the Qinjiang River of the Pinglu Canal Project as an example, the empirical mode decomposition model was applied to extract variation components from the flood series. The effects of these components on flood frequency analysis were assessed through flood serial reconstruction and time-frequency domain analysis. Wavelet coherence analysis and physical cause exploration were further employed to investigate underlying causes. The results indicate that the annual maximum 1-d flood discharge of the Qinjiang River shows a decreasing trend, with a period of 3 to 21 a. The periodic variation components exhibit similarities with the patterns of El Nio, La Nia, and sunspot activities, while the decreasing trend may be attributed to environmental changes. The variation components alter the mean, kurtosis, and skewness characteristics of the flood series, serving as the statistical cause for differences in flood peak estimates under different design frequencies, and the inherent characteristics of El Nio and La Nia were identified as potential causes. The trend variation component has a greater influence on flood frequency analysis compared to other components, causing deviations of 0.16% to 18.81% in design flood peaks under the design frequency ranging from 0.1‰ to 50‰. Therefore, attention should be placed on the trend variation component and its influencing factor of environmental changes in flood frequency analysis. Keywords: flood series; variation components; empirical mode decomposition; serial reconstruction; frequency analysis; the Pinglu Canal Project 〖FL
To investigate the effect of variation components in flood series on flood frequency analysis of the Pinglu Canal, taking the hydrological control section of the Qinjiang River of the Pinglu Canal Project as an example, the empirical mode decomposition model was applied to extract variation components from the flood series. The effects of these components on flood frequency analysis were assessed through flood serial reconstruction and time-frequency domain analysis. Wavelet coherence analysis and physical cause exploration were further employed to investigate underlying causes. The results indicate that the annual maximum 1-d flood discharge of the Qinjiang River shows a decreasing trend, with a period of 3 to 21 a. The periodic variation components exhibit similarities with the patterns of El Nio, La Nia, and sunspot activities, while the decreasing trend may be attributed to environmental changes. The variation components alter the mean, kurtosis, and skewness characteristics of the flood series, serving as the statistical cause for differences in flood peak estimates under different design frequencies, and the inherent characteristics of El Nio and La Nia were identified as potential causes. The trend variation component has a greater influence on flood frequency analysis compared to other components, causing deviations of 0.16% to 18.81% in design flood peaks under the design frequency ranging from 0.1‰ to 50‰. Therefore, attention should be placed on the trend variation component and its influencing factor of environmental changes in flood frequency analysis. Keywords: flood series; variation components; empirical mode decomposition; serial reconstruction; frequency analysis; the Pinglu Canal Project 〖FL
2025,41(6):167-175
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.019
Abstract:
To quantify the impacts of human activities and climate change on the evolution of water discharge from the Yellow River into sea, socio-economic water consumption was incorporated into the calculation process. Using restored natural runoff data and the elasticity coefficient method based on the Budyko hypothesis, this study analyzed the evolution characteristics of water discharge from the Yellow River into sea from 1956 to 2022, and identified the driving factors of the changes in water discharge in the period before flow cessation
To quantify the impacts of human activities and climate change on the evolution of water discharge from the Yellow River into sea, socio-economic water consumption was incorporated into the calculation process. Using restored natural runoff data and the elasticity coefficient method based on the Budyko hypothesis, this study analyzed the evolution characteristics of water discharge from the Yellow River into sea from 1956 to 2022, and identified the driving factors of the changes in water discharge in the period before flow cessation
2025,41(6):176-185
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.020
Abstract:
Considering the new model of large-scale water diversion and supply across regions and river basins under the pattern of water network connectivity, to coordinate the sustainable development of resource, economy, and environment in Ordos City, alleviate the uneven spatial distribution of water resources, and deal with the problem of water competition between energy and grain, typical areas of Ordos City, including Dongsheng District, Kangbashi District, Dalad Banner, Uxin Banner, and Ejin Horo Banner were taken as the study area. Based on regional social and economic data, with 2023 as the status-quo year, NSGA-Ⅱ was adopted to construct a multi-source, multi-user, and multi-objective optimal allocation model to conduct research on water resources allocation for future planning year
Considering the new model of large-scale water diversion and supply across regions and river basins under the pattern of water network connectivity, to coordinate the sustainable development of resource, economy, and environment in Ordos City, alleviate the uneven spatial distribution of water resources, and deal with the problem of water competition between energy and grain, typical areas of Ordos City, including Dongsheng District, Kangbashi District, Dalad Banner, Uxin Banner, and Ejin Horo Banner were taken as the study area. Based on regional social and economic data, with 2023 as the status-quo year, NSGA-Ⅱ was adopted to construct a multi-source, multi-user, and multi-objective optimal allocation model to conduct research on water resources allocation for future planning year
2025,41(6):186-197, 208
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.021
Abstract:
To restore groundwater levels and streamflow in the lower reach of the Tao’er River Basin, four water resources management measures were designed, including adjusting the reservoir discharge process, adjusting the surface-groundwater water supply ratio, implementing water diversion projects for groundwater recharge, and optimizing irrigation scheduling. The SWAT-MODFLOW model was used to simulate the water resources status of the watershed under single measures and different combinations of measures, analyze the response characteristics of groundwater level recovery degree, ecological flow satisfaction, and agricultural water supply guarantee rate to operation measures, and explore a suitable joint operation scheme for surface water and groundwater in the Tao’er River Basin. The results indicate that a single measure generally focuses on improving one indicator and is difficult to balance the other two. Different combinations of measures can effectively reduce runoff losses during the flood season while ensuring the ecological flow of rivers and agricultural water supply are not affected, thereby promoting the restoration of groundwater levels. In the historical scenario simulation from 1969 to 2016, compared with the current management plan of the basin, different combinations of measures achieved a 0.82 m increase in the average groundwater level of the overexploited area over the years, a 4.5% increase in ecological flow satisfaction at the outlet of the basin, and maintained an agricultural water supply guarantee rate of over 97.7%. Keywords: joint operation; water resources management; groundwater level; ecological flow satisfaction; agricultural water supply guarantee rate; the Tao’er River Basin 〖FL
To restore groundwater levels and streamflow in the lower reach of the Tao’er River Basin, four water resources management measures were designed, including adjusting the reservoir discharge process, adjusting the surface-groundwater water supply ratio, implementing water diversion projects for groundwater recharge, and optimizing irrigation scheduling. The SWAT-MODFLOW model was used to simulate the water resources status of the watershed under single measures and different combinations of measures, analyze the response characteristics of groundwater level recovery degree, ecological flow satisfaction, and agricultural water supply guarantee rate to operation measures, and explore a suitable joint operation scheme for surface water and groundwater in the Tao’er River Basin. The results indicate that a single measure generally focuses on improving one indicator and is difficult to balance the other two. Different combinations of measures can effectively reduce runoff losses during the flood season while ensuring the ecological flow of rivers and agricultural water supply are not affected, thereby promoting the restoration of groundwater levels. In the historical scenario simulation from 1969 to 2016, compared with the current management plan of the basin, different combinations of measures achieved a 0.82 m increase in the average groundwater level of the overexploited area over the years, a 4.5% increase in ecological flow satisfaction at the outlet of the basin, and maintained an agricultural water supply guarantee rate of over 97.7%. Keywords: joint operation; water resources management; groundwater level; ecological flow satisfaction; agricultural water supply guarantee rate; the Tao’er River Basin 〖FL
2025,41(6):198-208
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.022
Abstract:
To evaluate the quantitative relationship between the recovery process of permeability performance attenuation of permeable brick pavement and the particle size characteristics as well as the maintenance methods,14 pilot-scale devices were established, six particle size ranges
To evaluate the quantitative relationship between the recovery process of permeability performance attenuation of permeable brick pavement and the particle size characteristics as well as the maintenance methods,14 pilot-scale devices were established, six particle size ranges
2025,41(6):209-216, 250
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.023
Abstract:
Based on panel data from 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China from 2008 to 2019, considering the pivotal role of energy structure adjustment in carbon emission control, this study utilizes the Kaya identity and its extensions, combined with the SCAD
Based on panel data from 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China from 2008 to 2019, considering the pivotal role of energy structure adjustment in carbon emission control, this study utilizes the Kaya identity and its extensions, combined with the SCAD
2025,41(6):217-226, 258
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.024
Abstract:
The study proposed an assessment framework for agricultural water-saving potential oriented toward ecological health, and evaluated the agricultural water-saving potential for ecological health in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation District as a case study. Taking groundwater level as a rigid constraint for ecological water level, we determined the ecological groundwater level of the study area to be 2.5 m. With this ecological water level as a rigid constraint, the water intake-saving potential considering ecological health in the irrigation district was identified as 540 million m3, while the water consumption-saving potential was only 140 million m3. Among the water consumption-saving potential, farmland water consumption savings accounted for 92%, and natural ecological water consumption savings accounted for 8%. If the irrigation district adopts higher-intensity water-saving measures, the natural ecosystem may struggle to maintain stability, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the irrigation district. Keywords: agricultural water-saving potential; water extraction savings; scale effect; water cycle model; ecological health threshold; the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation District 〖FL
The study proposed an assessment framework for agricultural water-saving potential oriented toward ecological health, and evaluated the agricultural water-saving potential for ecological health in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation District as a case study. Taking groundwater level as a rigid constraint for ecological water level, we determined the ecological groundwater level of the study area to be 2.5 m. With this ecological water level as a rigid constraint, the water intake-saving potential considering ecological health in the irrigation district was identified as 540 million m3, while the water consumption-saving potential was only 140 million m3. Among the water consumption-saving potential, farmland water consumption savings accounted for 92%, and natural ecological water consumption savings accounted for 8%. If the irrigation district adopts higher-intensity water-saving measures, the natural ecosystem may struggle to maintain stability, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the irrigation district. Keywords: agricultural water-saving potential; water extraction savings; scale effect; water cycle model; ecological health threshold; the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation District 〖FL
2025,41(6):227-238
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.025
Abstract:
Based on two digital elevation models
Based on two digital elevation models
2025,41(6):239-250
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.026
Abstract:
Taking the Fengjiangkou Reservoir as research area, sampling and monitoring of phytoplankton were carried out during the flood, normal and dry seasons to analyze the composition structure characteristics and diversity level. By using the comparative analysis method and the uniform mixing model, the differences in phytoplankton community composition between the Danjiangkou Reservoir and Fengjiangkou Reservoir were explored, and the changes in phytoplankton density in the Fengjiangkou Reservoir after the implementation of the North Hubei Project were predicted. The results showed that there were 17 dominant species of phytoplankton in the Fengjiangkou Reservoir, belonging to Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Cryptophyta, with Cyanophyta being the dominant one. The density of phytoplankton showed significant differences in time and space. The average total density of all sampling points in the dry season was as high as 51.55 million cells/L, which was significantly higher than that in other periods. In different periods, the total density of dominant algal phyla in the Fengjiangkou River and Xiaohuangjiapang was significantly higher than that in other sampling points,which were the areas that needed to be focused on for abnormal proliferation of algae in the Fengjiangkou Reservoir. The number of phytoplankton species in the Fengjiangkou Reservoir was significantly higher than that in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, and the diversity level was also better than that in the Danjiangkou Reservoir. In the Danjiangkou Reservoir, the total density of phytoplankton was dominated by Cryptophyta. The implementation of the North Hubei Project could play a certain regulatory role in the density of algae in the Fengjiangkou Reservoir. However,after the implementation of the project, the total nitrogen mass concentration in the Fengjiangkou Reservoir increased by 40% to 130% month by month, and the total phosphorus mass concentration increased by 10% to 30% from August to November. It is suggested that August, September and November be listed as key monitoring periods to avoid abnormal reproduction of dominant phytoplankton species due to increased nutrients,which may lead to the risk of eutrophication. Keywords: water diversion project; phytoplankton; eutrophication; the Fengjiangkou Reservoir; the Northern Hubei Project 〖FL
Taking the Fengjiangkou Reservoir as research area, sampling and monitoring of phytoplankton were carried out during the flood, normal and dry seasons to analyze the composition structure characteristics and diversity level. By using the comparative analysis method and the uniform mixing model, the differences in phytoplankton community composition between the Danjiangkou Reservoir and Fengjiangkou Reservoir were explored, and the changes in phytoplankton density in the Fengjiangkou Reservoir after the implementation of the North Hubei Project were predicted. The results showed that there were 17 dominant species of phytoplankton in the Fengjiangkou Reservoir, belonging to Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Cryptophyta, with Cyanophyta being the dominant one. The density of phytoplankton showed significant differences in time and space. The average total density of all sampling points in the dry season was as high as 51.55 million cells/L, which was significantly higher than that in other periods. In different periods, the total density of dominant algal phyla in the Fengjiangkou River and Xiaohuangjiapang was significantly higher than that in other sampling points,which were the areas that needed to be focused on for abnormal proliferation of algae in the Fengjiangkou Reservoir. The number of phytoplankton species in the Fengjiangkou Reservoir was significantly higher than that in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, and the diversity level was also better than that in the Danjiangkou Reservoir. In the Danjiangkou Reservoir, the total density of phytoplankton was dominated by Cryptophyta. The implementation of the North Hubei Project could play a certain regulatory role in the density of algae in the Fengjiangkou Reservoir. However,after the implementation of the project, the total nitrogen mass concentration in the Fengjiangkou Reservoir increased by 40% to 130% month by month, and the total phosphorus mass concentration increased by 10% to 30% from August to November. It is suggested that August, September and November be listed as key monitoring periods to avoid abnormal reproduction of dominant phytoplankton species due to increased nutrients,which may lead to the risk of eutrophication. Keywords: water diversion project; phytoplankton; eutrophication; the Fengjiangkou Reservoir; the Northern Hubei Project 〖FL
2025,41(6):251-258
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.027
Abstract:
To explore the quantitative relationship between the natural reproduction of typical producing semi-buoyant eggs fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and environmental characteristics, eight machine learning models, including decision tree, random forest, extra trees, gradient boosting classifier, Adaboost, XGBoost, LightGBM, and Catboost, were introduced to construct spawning prediction models for the target fish species of Coreius heterodon, Rhinogobio ventralis, and Rhinogobio cylindricus. The performance of each model was compared, and interpretable machine learning techniques were integrated to investigate the correlation between the target fish species and environmental characteristic indicators.The results showed that:for the spawning prediction of the three target fish species, seven ensemble models achieved high prediction accuracy, with the Catboost model performing the best overall. The most critical environmental factors influencing the spawning of three target fish species were daily average water temperature and daily average discharge, while short-term variations in hydrology, water temperature, and water environment had little impact in the evaluation of each model. Within a certain range of conditions, the spawning activity rate of Coreius heterodon and Rhinogobio cylindricus was positively correlated with both water temperature and discharge, indicating a preference for spawning under high-temperature and high-discharge conditions. In contrast, the spawning activity rate of Rhinogobio ventralis exhibited a unimodal relationship with water temperature and a negative correlation with discharge, and its optimal water temperature and discharge ranges for spawning were significantly lower than those of the other two species. Water temperature and discharge exerted a strong interactive effect on the spawning of all three target fish species, and suitable and mutually synergistic hydrological and water temperature conditions were identified as the key habitat characteristics promoting their spawning activities. Keywords: producing semi-buoyant eggs fish; ecological flow; ecological operation; ecology-hydrology response; machine learning model; upper reaches of the Yangtze River 〖FL
To explore the quantitative relationship between the natural reproduction of typical producing semi-buoyant eggs fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and environmental characteristics, eight machine learning models, including decision tree, random forest, extra trees, gradient boosting classifier, Adaboost, XGBoost, LightGBM, and Catboost, were introduced to construct spawning prediction models for the target fish species of Coreius heterodon, Rhinogobio ventralis, and Rhinogobio cylindricus. The performance of each model was compared, and interpretable machine learning techniques were integrated to investigate the correlation between the target fish species and environmental characteristic indicators.The results showed that:for the spawning prediction of the three target fish species, seven ensemble models achieved high prediction accuracy, with the Catboost model performing the best overall. The most critical environmental factors influencing the spawning of three target fish species were daily average water temperature and daily average discharge, while short-term variations in hydrology, water temperature, and water environment had little impact in the evaluation of each model. Within a certain range of conditions, the spawning activity rate of Coreius heterodon and Rhinogobio cylindricus was positively correlated with both water temperature and discharge, indicating a preference for spawning under high-temperature and high-discharge conditions. In contrast, the spawning activity rate of Rhinogobio ventralis exhibited a unimodal relationship with water temperature and a negative correlation with discharge, and its optimal water temperature and discharge ranges for spawning were significantly lower than those of the other two species. Water temperature and discharge exerted a strong interactive effect on the spawning of all three target fish species, and suitable and mutually synergistic hydrological and water temperature conditions were identified as the key habitat characteristics promoting their spawning activities. Keywords: producing semi-buoyant eggs fish; ecological flow; ecological operation; ecology-hydrology response; machine learning model; upper reaches of the Yangtze River 〖FL
2025,41(6):259-268
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2025.06.028
Abstract:
Based on MODIS remote sensing images, surface water temperature data of the Taihu Lake from 2002 to 2020 were obtained. The study examined the spatial distribution characteristics of the Taihu Lake’s surface water temperature across different time scales, analyzed the variation trends of the lake’s surface water temperature and main hydro-meteorological factors, explored the abrupt change characteristics of each factor, and discussed the main driving factors of changes in the lake’s surface water temperature from a multi-time scale perspective. The results show that:the surface water temperature in Meiliang Bay, the western coast, the southern coast, and the central lake area exhibited a significant upward trend, while some areas of Gonghu Lake and East Taihu Lake showed a significant downward trend. The low-temperature areas of the Taihu Lake migrate regularly with seasons:from spring to autumn, the low-temperature areas move southward from the central lake area and gradually expand to Xu Lake and the southern coast of Taihu Lake, and migrate back to the central lake area in autumn and winter. The main driving factors for changes in Taihu Lake’s surface water temperature are near-surface air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity. On the annual scale, the surface water temperature of Taihu Lake is mainly affected by near-surface air temperature and wind speed; in spring and summer, near-surface air temperature is the main driving factor for changes in the lake’s surface water temperature; in autumn, the main driving factors are near-surface air temperature and wind speed; in winter, changes in near-surface air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity all have a significant impact on the lake’s surface water temperature. Keywords: MODIS remote sensing images; surface water temperature; hydro meteorological factors; driving mechanisms; Taihu Lake 〖FL
Based on MODIS remote sensing images, surface water temperature data of the Taihu Lake from 2002 to 2020 were obtained. The study examined the spatial distribution characteristics of the Taihu Lake’s surface water temperature across different time scales, analyzed the variation trends of the lake’s surface water temperature and main hydro-meteorological factors, explored the abrupt change characteristics of each factor, and discussed the main driving factors of changes in the lake’s surface water temperature from a multi-time scale perspective. The results show that:the surface water temperature in Meiliang Bay, the western coast, the southern coast, and the central lake area exhibited a significant upward trend, while some areas of Gonghu Lake and East Taihu Lake showed a significant downward trend. The low-temperature areas of the Taihu Lake migrate regularly with seasons:from spring to autumn, the low-temperature areas move southward from the central lake area and gradually expand to Xu Lake and the southern coast of Taihu Lake, and migrate back to the central lake area in autumn and winter. The main driving factors for changes in Taihu Lake’s surface water temperature are near-surface air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity. On the annual scale, the surface water temperature of Taihu Lake is mainly affected by near-surface air temperature and wind speed; in spring and summer, near-surface air temperature is the main driving factor for changes in the lake’s surface water temperature; in autumn, the main driving factors are near-surface air temperature and wind speed; in winter, changes in near-surface air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity all have a significant impact on the lake’s surface water temperature. Keywords: MODIS remote sensing images; surface water temperature; hydro meteorological factors; driving mechanisms; Taihu Lake 〖FL
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2020,36(1):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.01.001
Abstract:
The biorentention facility for sponge city construction is a typical ecological technology suitable for decentralized rainwater treatment and utilization. However, at present, there are still some problems restricting its operational efficiency and service life. The key technologies and research progresses of bioretention facilities in sponge city construction are reviewed. It is pointed out that the development of high efficiency purifying filler, the establishment of pollutant migration and transformation model, the optimization of design parameters, the risk assessment of organic micro-pollutants accumulation and the construction of remediation technology will become the hot spot in the future research of bioretention facilities for sponge city construction.
The biorentention facility for sponge city construction is a typical ecological technology suitable for decentralized rainwater treatment and utilization. However, at present, there are still some problems restricting its operational efficiency and service life. The key technologies and research progresses of bioretention facilities in sponge city construction are reviewed. It is pointed out that the development of high efficiency purifying filler, the establishment of pollutant migration and transformation model, the optimization of design parameters, the risk assessment of organic micro-pollutants accumulation and the construction of remediation technology will become the hot spot in the future research of bioretention facilities for sponge city construction.
2020,36(4):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.04.001
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the existing methods of on-line discharge monitoring of hydrometry stations, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of velocity-area method and hydraulic method in on-line discharge monitoring. Cross section discharge was calculated based on local flow velocity, and the on-line discharge monitoring method based on velocity-area method is divided into three categories: index-velocity method, velocity distribution model method and surface velocity method. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of H-ADCP method, V-ADCP method, two-line energy slope method, radar method, particle image method, water measuring building method and hydraulic building method, and points out that further research will be carried out in improving online discharge monitoring accuracy, improving stability and promoting application.
Based on the analysis of the existing methods of on-line discharge monitoring of hydrometry stations, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of velocity-area method and hydraulic method in on-line discharge monitoring. Cross section discharge was calculated based on local flow velocity, and the on-line discharge monitoring method based on velocity-area method is divided into three categories: index-velocity method, velocity distribution model method and surface velocity method. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of H-ADCP method, V-ADCP method, two-line energy slope method, radar method, particle image method, water measuring building method and hydraulic building method, and points out that further research will be carried out in improving online discharge monitoring accuracy, improving stability and promoting application.
2019,35(1):1-5, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.01.001
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the development process of comprehensive watershed management the basic concept of comprehensive watershed management is put forward, and a multi-dimensional nested theoretical framework of comprehensive watershed management system is constructed, including five dimensions of time, space, factor, process and regulation. Three key technical systems of comprehensive watershed management such as mechanism identification technology system, quantitative simulation technology system and optimization decision-making technology system are proposed, providing scientific support for the practices of comprehensive watershed management in China.
Based on the analysis of the development process of comprehensive watershed management the basic concept of comprehensive watershed management is put forward, and a multi-dimensional nested theoretical framework of comprehensive watershed management system is constructed, including five dimensions of time, space, factor, process and regulation. Three key technical systems of comprehensive watershed management such as mechanism identification technology system, quantitative simulation technology system and optimization decision-making technology system are proposed, providing scientific support for the practices of comprehensive watershed management in China.
2020,36(3):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.03.001
Abstract:
In the past century, great achievements have been made in global water management, which has provided key supports for sustainable development. However, the global water problems keep increasing, it is urgent to further improve water management modes. Based on the development history of water problems, this paper explored the causes of water problems, and analyzed the shortcomings of global water management modes from the aspects of objectives, overall framework, and technical approaches: in the current global water management modes, the natural properties of water cycle and its multi-processes have not been fully integrated, and there exists serious problems such as end-disposal and process-dissociation. The development suggestions for the future water control mode are put forward: from the perspective of coupling multi process mutual feed mechanism of basin water cycle, we should enhance the role of natural attributes and natural forces, and coordinate the function of multi-elements and multi-processes, building a Nature Enriched and Attributes Coordinated Watershed to manage the complex water problems systematically.
In the past century, great achievements have been made in global water management, which has provided key supports for sustainable development. However, the global water problems keep increasing, it is urgent to further improve water management modes. Based on the development history of water problems, this paper explored the causes of water problems, and analyzed the shortcomings of global water management modes from the aspects of objectives, overall framework, and technical approaches: in the current global water management modes, the natural properties of water cycle and its multi-processes have not been fully integrated, and there exists serious problems such as end-disposal and process-dissociation. The development suggestions for the future water control mode are put forward: from the perspective of coupling multi process mutual feed mechanism of basin water cycle, we should enhance the role of natural attributes and natural forces, and coordinate the function of multi-elements and multi-processes, building a Nature Enriched and Attributes Coordinated Watershed to manage the complex water problems systematically.
2020,36(2):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.02.001
Abstract:
In view of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin, an evaluation index system covering three criteria layers such as water resources, ecological environment and economic and society is constructed. The water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces in 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 was evaluated by the TOPSIS model combined with analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight, and the evaluation results of the year of 2017 were diagnosed with obstacle factors. The results show that in the time dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces shows an increasing trend, especially in Henan, Shandong and Inner Mongolia, and the improvement of water resources carrying capacity is closely related to the improvement of two criteria level related indicators such as eco-environment, economic society. In the spatial dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of the nine provinces does not reach the level of grade I(carriable level), and the spatial difference is obvious. Water production module, water resources per capita, water supply modulus, ecological water use rate, vegetation coverage rate, water consumption per 10 000 RMB of industrial added value and water consumption per 10 000 RMB of GDP are seven major obstacles, and there are significant differences of some obstacle factors in different provinces.
In view of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin, an evaluation index system covering three criteria layers such as water resources, ecological environment and economic and society is constructed. The water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces in 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 was evaluated by the TOPSIS model combined with analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight, and the evaluation results of the year of 2017 were diagnosed with obstacle factors. The results show that in the time dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces shows an increasing trend, especially in Henan, Shandong and Inner Mongolia, and the improvement of water resources carrying capacity is closely related to the improvement of two criteria level related indicators such as eco-environment, economic society. In the spatial dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of the nine provinces does not reach the level of grade I(carriable level), and the spatial difference is obvious. Water production module, water resources per capita, water supply modulus, ecological water use rate, vegetation coverage rate, water consumption per 10 000 RMB of industrial added value and water consumption per 10 000 RMB of GDP are seven major obstacles, and there are significant differences of some obstacle factors in different provinces.
2021,37(1):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2021.01.001
Abstract:
In order to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the spatial balance and spatial difference of water resources, the combined method of connection number and coupling coordination degree was used to evaluate the spatial balance of regional water resources. Considering the composite relationship of water resources, economic society and ecological environment, an evaluation index system for spatial balance of water resources composed of two systems of water resources carrying capcity and bearing pressure and 15 evaluation indexes was established. The weight of evaluation index was calculated by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on accelerating genetic algorithm, and a spatial balance evaluation method of water resources based on connection number and coupling coordination degree was proposed. Taking Anhui Province as an example, the results show that the evaluation method is reasonable when applied to the evaluation of water resources spatial balance, which can make up for the defect that the traditional coupling coordination degree can not reflect the uncertainty problem, and accurately reflect the coordination between systems and the overall development level.
In order to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the spatial balance and spatial difference of water resources, the combined method of connection number and coupling coordination degree was used to evaluate the spatial balance of regional water resources. Considering the composite relationship of water resources, economic society and ecological environment, an evaluation index system for spatial balance of water resources composed of two systems of water resources carrying capcity and bearing pressure and 15 evaluation indexes was established. The weight of evaluation index was calculated by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on accelerating genetic algorithm, and a spatial balance evaluation method of water resources based on connection number and coupling coordination degree was proposed. Taking Anhui Province as an example, the results show that the evaluation method is reasonable when applied to the evaluation of water resources spatial balance, which can make up for the defect that the traditional coupling coordination degree can not reflect the uncertainty problem, and accurately reflect the coordination between systems and the overall development level.
2015,31(6):76-80, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.06.012
Abstract:
The pollution capacity of 4 493 national key water function zones has been checked. Taking water quality status, pollution capacity and present pollution loads entering water body into consideration, the principles for the limitation of discharged pollution are put forward. The aimed results of the pollution control during 2020 and 2030 are as follow: COD will be 5. 852 million t/a and NH3-N will be 0. 526 million t/a in 2020 level year, COD will be 5. 430 million t /a and NH3-N will be 0. 465 million t /a in 2030 level year. The results of the pollution control in each province are analyzed, which show that the annual limitation of total amount of pollution discharged in most provinces is gradually decreasing, which is consistent with the increasing of water quality compliance rate. According to the pollution control scheme, the measures for enhancing management of the limitation of discharged pollution are proposed, including accelerate the construction of monitoring water resources, strengthen the supervision and administration of water function zones, strictly control the pollution loads entering water body, increase investment in water conservation, improve the system of policies and regulations, strengthen the propaganda and education and improve the mechanism of public participation.
The pollution capacity of 4 493 national key water function zones has been checked. Taking water quality status, pollution capacity and present pollution loads entering water body into consideration, the principles for the limitation of discharged pollution are put forward. The aimed results of the pollution control during 2020 and 2030 are as follow: COD will be 5. 852 million t/a and NH3-N will be 0. 526 million t/a in 2020 level year, COD will be 5. 430 million t /a and NH3-N will be 0. 465 million t /a in 2030 level year. The results of the pollution control in each province are analyzed, which show that the annual limitation of total amount of pollution discharged in most provinces is gradually decreasing, which is consistent with the increasing of water quality compliance rate. According to the pollution control scheme, the measures for enhancing management of the limitation of discharged pollution are proposed, including accelerate the construction of monitoring water resources, strengthen the supervision and administration of water function zones, strictly control the pollution loads entering water body, increase investment in water conservation, improve the system of policies and regulations, strengthen the propaganda and education and improve the mechanism of public participation.
2020,36(4):40-46, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.04.007
Abstract:
Water samples were collected and analyzed respectively at nine sampling sites along Zhengzhou section of Jialu River in July(water diversion time)and in September(no water diversion time), and then comprehensive water quality identification index method and factor analysis were applied for the evaluation of water quality and apportionment of pollution sources respectively. The results showed that the comprehensive water quality of the upper reaches of the Zhengzhou section of the Jialu River was of level II or III, the water quality of the mid-stream Lakes was classified as IV level, and the downstream water quality was classified as IV to worse than V level; the water quality of Suoxu River and Qili River were worse than V level, worse than V level and black smelly water, respectively. Water diversion from Yellow River to the Jialu river through Yangqiao main canal can only change the water quality of the nearest receiving area temporarily, with no obvious impact on the water quality of Zhengzhou section. Two factors can explain the information of 5 water quality indicators. In the lower reaches of the main stream and the tributaries, the representative indices TN, TP, NH+4-N of the first pollution factor are mainly related to the drainage of the municipal sewage treatment, while the representative indexes of the second pollution factor, CODCr and CODMn, are mainly related to the untreated sewage. The pollution of upper and middle reaches of the Jialu River are mainly non-point source pollution and endogenous pollution.
Water samples were collected and analyzed respectively at nine sampling sites along Zhengzhou section of Jialu River in July(water diversion time)and in September(no water diversion time), and then comprehensive water quality identification index method and factor analysis were applied for the evaluation of water quality and apportionment of pollution sources respectively. The results showed that the comprehensive water quality of the upper reaches of the Zhengzhou section of the Jialu River was of level II or III, the water quality of the mid-stream Lakes was classified as IV level, and the downstream water quality was classified as IV to worse than V level; the water quality of Suoxu River and Qili River were worse than V level, worse than V level and black smelly water, respectively. Water diversion from Yellow River to the Jialu river through Yangqiao main canal can only change the water quality of the nearest receiving area temporarily, with no obvious impact on the water quality of Zhengzhou section. Two factors can explain the information of 5 water quality indicators. In the lower reaches of the main stream and the tributaries, the representative indices TN, TP, NH+4-N of the first pollution factor are mainly related to the drainage of the municipal sewage treatment, while the representative indexes of the second pollution factor, CODCr and CODMn, are mainly related to the untreated sewage. The pollution of upper and middle reaches of the Jialu River are mainly non-point source pollution and endogenous pollution.
2019,35(4):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.04.001
Abstract:
This paper briefly described the surface water environment numerical models, including the development history, the application status, and the latest research results at home and abroad of hydrodynamic models, water quality models and water ecological models. Both methods of analyzing model sensitivity and uncertainty and problems of model precision were emphatically expounded. It is pointed out that the systematization, integration and platform construction of the model, the combination of innovation with emerging technologies supported by large data, and the related management issues such as model synthesis and regulation will become the future research hotspots in the field of water environment simulation and prediction.
This paper briefly described the surface water environment numerical models, including the development history, the application status, and the latest research results at home and abroad of hydrodynamic models, water quality models and water ecological models. Both methods of analyzing model sensitivity and uncertainty and problems of model precision were emphatically expounded. It is pointed out that the systematization, integration and platform construction of the model, the combination of innovation with emerging technologies supported by large data, and the related management issues such as model synthesis and regulation will become the future research hotspots in the field of water environment simulation and prediction.
2015,31(6):8-17, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.06.002
Abstract:
The research progress of ground water deep circulation was summarized. In the inner flow area of Tibet Plateau, the water resources present a huge imbalance, lakes and rivers have a strong leakage. The annual leakage of water is estimated to exceed 1 012 m3. Meanwhile, the groundwater in northern China is also showing a great imbalance. The volcano or rift valley areas, where the precipitation is very small, have a large number of springs gushing out into the rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes in Inner Mongolia Plateau and Northeast China are beaded distribution in the north-east direction. By analyzing the groundwater supply source of Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountains, it is determined that the main source of groundwater is from outside regions. The only area which can meet the altitude, isotope signature and others features like leakage at the same time is the inner flow area of Tibet plateau. Isotope signature of strontium and helium of groundwater in Northern China reveal the water rock interaction occurring between the deep-circle groundwater and mantle basalt. The high-conductivity and low-velocity layer in Baikal and Shanxi Rift Valley may be deep-circle groundwater pathways, wherein the basalt porous is conveyance structure. Deep-circle groundwater flowed out from the volcano and rift valley areas, springing water flowed into rivers and lakes. The geothermal gradient in the river source region is lower than the normal value. The leakage water of inner flow area of Tibet Plateau through the deep circulation transport to Inner Mongolia Plateau, Ordos, Alashan, North China Plain, Northeast China Plain, Lake Baikal, the East China Sea, South China Sea, etc. The age of groundwater is increasing, from west to east, generally between 20~40 a.
The research progress of ground water deep circulation was summarized. In the inner flow area of Tibet Plateau, the water resources present a huge imbalance, lakes and rivers have a strong leakage. The annual leakage of water is estimated to exceed 1 012 m3. Meanwhile, the groundwater in northern China is also showing a great imbalance. The volcano or rift valley areas, where the precipitation is very small, have a large number of springs gushing out into the rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes in Inner Mongolia Plateau and Northeast China are beaded distribution in the north-east direction. By analyzing the groundwater supply source of Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountains, it is determined that the main source of groundwater is from outside regions. The only area which can meet the altitude, isotope signature and others features like leakage at the same time is the inner flow area of Tibet plateau. Isotope signature of strontium and helium of groundwater in Northern China reveal the water rock interaction occurring between the deep-circle groundwater and mantle basalt. The high-conductivity and low-velocity layer in Baikal and Shanxi Rift Valley may be deep-circle groundwater pathways, wherein the basalt porous is conveyance structure. Deep-circle groundwater flowed out from the volcano and rift valley areas, springing water flowed into rivers and lakes. The geothermal gradient in the river source region is lower than the normal value. The leakage water of inner flow area of Tibet Plateau through the deep circulation transport to Inner Mongolia Plateau, Ordos, Alashan, North China Plain, Northeast China Plain, Lake Baikal, the East China Sea, South China Sea, etc. The age of groundwater is increasing, from west to east, generally between 20~40 a.
2015,31(2):7-14, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.02.002
Abstract:
Based on the drought monitoring theory and daily precipitation data covering the period of 1961 2010 in Xinjiang, we compared and analyzed the effectiveness and practicability of the effective drought index (EDI) and standardized precipitation indexes (SPI) based on different time scale (1 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 24 month). The result shows that EDI is more superior to SPI no matter for short term drought or long term drought. SPI of short term scale is greatly influenced by short duration precipitation, which obviously reflects the variation of drought and flood in short period in Xinjiang. With the expanding of time scale, SPI gradually loses its feedback from short duration precipitation. However, it can still reflect the obvious trend of drought and flood over the long term scale. Like SPI, EDI can also reflect the influence caused by short term drought and recent precipitation. Moreover, with the time passing by, EDI is able to give different weight to everyday precipitation considering the influence to the current drought statues caused by former precipitation. Relevant researches can provide significant theoretical basis to the drought monitoring in humid and some other climatic zones.
Based on the drought monitoring theory and daily precipitation data covering the period of 1961 2010 in Xinjiang, we compared and analyzed the effectiveness and practicability of the effective drought index (EDI) and standardized precipitation indexes (SPI) based on different time scale (1 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 24 month). The result shows that EDI is more superior to SPI no matter for short term drought or long term drought. SPI of short term scale is greatly influenced by short duration precipitation, which obviously reflects the variation of drought and flood in short period in Xinjiang. With the expanding of time scale, SPI gradually loses its feedback from short duration precipitation. However, it can still reflect the obvious trend of drought and flood over the long term scale. Like SPI, EDI can also reflect the influence caused by short term drought and recent precipitation. Moreover, with the time passing by, EDI is able to give different weight to everyday precipitation considering the influence to the current drought statues caused by former precipitation. Relevant researches can provide significant theoretical basis to the drought monitoring in humid and some other climatic zones.
2020,36(1):31-37, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.01.005
Abstract:
Based on the 30 m×30 m resolution Landsat remote sensing data, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of vegetation coverage in Chabagou Watershed from 1987 to 2018 were analyzed, and the soil surface erosion level map of the watershed was generated to analyze its impact on runoff generation and sediment yield in the watershed. The results show that the vegetation coverage of Chabagou Watershed was increasing rapidly, from 24. 7% in 1987 to 53. 1% in 2018. The composition of vegetation coverage in the watershed had changed a lot. Since 2002, the proportion of medium and high coverage areas increased significantly, and the growth was mainly concentrated in hilly and gully areas. With the increase of vegetation coverage in the watershed, the runoff generation and sediment yield decreased, and the surface erosion decreased. The impact of vegetation on sediment yield was greater than that on runoff generation.
Based on the 30 m×30 m resolution Landsat remote sensing data, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of vegetation coverage in Chabagou Watershed from 1987 to 2018 were analyzed, and the soil surface erosion level map of the watershed was generated to analyze its impact on runoff generation and sediment yield in the watershed. The results show that the vegetation coverage of Chabagou Watershed was increasing rapidly, from 24. 7% in 1987 to 53. 1% in 2018. The composition of vegetation coverage in the watershed had changed a lot. Since 2002, the proportion of medium and high coverage areas increased significantly, and the growth was mainly concentrated in hilly and gully areas. With the increase of vegetation coverage in the watershed, the runoff generation and sediment yield decreased, and the surface erosion decreased. The impact of vegetation on sediment yield was greater than that on runoff generation.
2019,35(2):1-12, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.02.001
Abstract:
According to in-situ data analysis, the causes of eco-problem in hydro-environmental variation in recent year in Poyang Lake in the lower Yangtze River, and the effect of awidely concerned sluice gate at its outlet are discussed. It is revealed that 1)the ahead of time dry-up after flood seasons is mainly due to the reservoirs impoundment in the upper reach of the Yangtze River, that changed the runoff regime and caused an ahead-seasonal drying in water level for 2-4 m all the way along the Yangtze; 2)massive sand-mining in the outlet channel of Poyang Lake has destructed the natural hydraulic mechanism that elevated the pool in dry seasons, causing a 2 m lowering from February to march at Duchang; 3)retention of reservoirs in the Poyang basin and the general loweredsummer pool in Poyang lake also diminish the after-flood discharge of the lake(August to October), exacerbating the extreme drying especially for the lakes delta regions after season. A sluice gate at the lakes outlet can hold-up and even elevate the lakes pool, but it can also obstruct the migration of fishes for about half-year and impact the habitat and food sources for migratory birds and the water quality of the lake as it becomes an artificial impoundment from riverine regime by the gate in dry seasons. It is also worth worrying about more possible problems for the Yangtze ecosystem as a whole in habitat diversity from the gates, as dams will be thoroughly partitioned in addition to the Three Gorges dam, with more negative effect on fluvial morphology, water level in dry seasons, tidal limits and salt water intrusion. Finally, five countermeasures for comprehensive restoration of both the Yangtze and the Poyang Lake were proposed.
According to in-situ data analysis, the causes of eco-problem in hydro-environmental variation in recent year in Poyang Lake in the lower Yangtze River, and the effect of awidely concerned sluice gate at its outlet are discussed. It is revealed that 1)the ahead of time dry-up after flood seasons is mainly due to the reservoirs impoundment in the upper reach of the Yangtze River, that changed the runoff regime and caused an ahead-seasonal drying in water level for 2-4 m all the way along the Yangtze; 2)massive sand-mining in the outlet channel of Poyang Lake has destructed the natural hydraulic mechanism that elevated the pool in dry seasons, causing a 2 m lowering from February to march at Duchang; 3)retention of reservoirs in the Poyang basin and the general loweredsummer pool in Poyang lake also diminish the after-flood discharge of the lake(August to October), exacerbating the extreme drying especially for the lakes delta regions after season. A sluice gate at the lakes outlet can hold-up and even elevate the lakes pool, but it can also obstruct the migration of fishes for about half-year and impact the habitat and food sources for migratory birds and the water quality of the lake as it becomes an artificial impoundment from riverine regime by the gate in dry seasons. It is also worth worrying about more possible problems for the Yangtze ecosystem as a whole in habitat diversity from the gates, as dams will be thoroughly partitioned in addition to the Three Gorges dam, with more negative effect on fluvial morphology, water level in dry seasons, tidal limits and salt water intrusion. Finally, five countermeasures for comprehensive restoration of both the Yangtze and the Poyang Lake were proposed.
2017,33(1):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2017.01.001
Abstract:
Based on a review of the problems and challenges of sponge city construction in China, the concept and methodology of an urban water system integrating urban rainstorm-runoff, water pollution control, and an urban ecological greenbelt with wetland and municipal construction(drainage and sewage)are proposed. Based on hydrological theories, the concept of the control rate of total annual runoff, which is the most critical and difficult-to-quantify factor in the construction of a sponge city, is analyzed. It is pointed out that the currently calculated control rate of total annual runoff is actually the control rate of total annual precipitation. Hence, it is necessary to establish an internal relation with the gain factor of the response of the hydrological system, i. e. , the runoff coefficient. It also needs to be noted that the runoff coefficient is not a constant, but the time-varying nonlinearity of the combination of soil moisture, precipitation intensity, and the underlying surface. Additionally, the relationship between low impact development(LID)during sponge city construction and the improved control rate of total annual runoff are analyzed, in order to examine the conditions and risks of sea views in cities. Finally, it is suggested that the runoff coefficient nonlinearity, the differences in storage capacity between natural conditions and the conditions after urbanization, river and lake water system storage and land evapotranspiration, basin sponge regulation and control, and risk management should be strengthened on the hydrological basis of sponge city construction and planning. Some suggestions for future sponge city construction in China are put forward.
Based on a review of the problems and challenges of sponge city construction in China, the concept and methodology of an urban water system integrating urban rainstorm-runoff, water pollution control, and an urban ecological greenbelt with wetland and municipal construction(drainage and sewage)are proposed. Based on hydrological theories, the concept of the control rate of total annual runoff, which is the most critical and difficult-to-quantify factor in the construction of a sponge city, is analyzed. It is pointed out that the currently calculated control rate of total annual runoff is actually the control rate of total annual precipitation. Hence, it is necessary to establish an internal relation with the gain factor of the response of the hydrological system, i. e. , the runoff coefficient. It also needs to be noted that the runoff coefficient is not a constant, but the time-varying nonlinearity of the combination of soil moisture, precipitation intensity, and the underlying surface. Additionally, the relationship between low impact development(LID)during sponge city construction and the improved control rate of total annual runoff are analyzed, in order to examine the conditions and risks of sea views in cities. Finally, it is suggested that the runoff coefficient nonlinearity, the differences in storage capacity between natural conditions and the conditions after urbanization, river and lake water system storage and land evapotranspiration, basin sponge regulation and control, and risk management should be strengthened on the hydrological basis of sponge city construction and planning. Some suggestions for future sponge city construction in China are put forward.
2020,36(3):46-51, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.03.009
Abstract:
In order to acquaint with the current status of surface water environment in Central European countries along the “Belt and Road”, the data of surface water pollutants in Central European countries in recent years were summarized, and the pollution status of surface water environment was analyzed. The results show that the levels of conventional pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in four river basins such as Vistula River basin show a downward trend since the 1970s. However, further treatment route was still needed to remove the pollutants. At present, the levels of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics in each river basin were increasing, which was mainly resulted from the urban sewage discharge. In the future, different types of pollutants should be treated according to their specific sources, while the cooperation between nations on water pollutants treatment should be strengthened to promote the quality of water environment in Central European countries, promoting the economic and social development of countries along the “Belt and Road”.
In order to acquaint with the current status of surface water environment in Central European countries along the “Belt and Road”, the data of surface water pollutants in Central European countries in recent years were summarized, and the pollution status of surface water environment was analyzed. The results show that the levels of conventional pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in four river basins such as Vistula River basin show a downward trend since the 1970s. However, further treatment route was still needed to remove the pollutants. At present, the levels of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics in each river basin were increasing, which was mainly resulted from the urban sewage discharge. In the future, different types of pollutants should be treated according to their specific sources, while the cooperation between nations on water pollutants treatment should be strengthened to promote the quality of water environment in Central European countries, promoting the economic and social development of countries along the “Belt and Road”.
2016,32(6):156-162, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2016.06.025
Abstract:
This paper summarizes the status of fishway planning and construction in recent years in China. Two typical cases(the Changzhou Water Control Project and the Cuijiaying Navigation-Hydropower Junction)are presented to illustrate the current status of fishways in China. The restrictive factors in the construction and operation of China’s fishways are analyzed with regard to technologies, supervision and management, operational maintenance, and policy systems. Some suggestions, including strengthening research on key technologies, formulating and implementing basins’ environmental protection plans, and implementing adaptive management and accelerating the improvement of relevant policies and regulations, are provided, in order to promote the rapid and healthy development of fishways in China.
This paper summarizes the status of fishway planning and construction in recent years in China. Two typical cases(the Changzhou Water Control Project and the Cuijiaying Navigation-Hydropower Junction)are presented to illustrate the current status of fishways in China. The restrictive factors in the construction and operation of China’s fishways are analyzed with regard to technologies, supervision and management, operational maintenance, and policy systems. Some suggestions, including strengthening research on key technologies, formulating and implementing basins’ environmental protection plans, and implementing adaptive management and accelerating the improvement of relevant policies and regulations, are provided, in order to promote the rapid and healthy development of fishways in China.
2015,31(1):22-29, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.01.004
Abstract:
Measures taken in various stages of river regulation in Japan were thoroughly reviewed and interpreted. The “multi natural river” regulation project in Japan was especially summarized and analyzed, making the river regulation ideas and technical measures of different stages clear. The purpose of this paper is to provide references of ideas and technical method about how to combine water conservancy project construction with ecological restoration and water quality improvement for Chinese river regulation.
Measures taken in various stages of river regulation in Japan were thoroughly reviewed and interpreted. The “multi natural river” regulation project in Japan was especially summarized and analyzed, making the river regulation ideas and technical measures of different stages clear. The purpose of this paper is to provide references of ideas and technical method about how to combine water conservancy project construction with ecological restoration and water quality improvement for Chinese river regulation.
2015,31(1):41-47, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.01.007
Abstract:
In order to improve the flood control capacity, the water supply security for irrigation and the living environment in rural area, beginning with the present status and problems of rural river regulation in China, the policy measures and the project investment for rural river regulation in China were analyzed, and the present status and development trends of related technology of rural river regulation in China were discussed. The countermeasures and project measures, the ideas and development direction of rural river regulation were put forward. The purpose of this paper is to provide certain reference for the future rural river regulation.
In order to improve the flood control capacity, the water supply security for irrigation and the living environment in rural area, beginning with the present status and problems of rural river regulation in China, the policy measures and the project investment for rural river regulation in China were analyzed, and the present status and development trends of related technology of rural river regulation in China were discussed. The countermeasures and project measures, the ideas and development direction of rural river regulation were put forward. The purpose of this paper is to provide certain reference for the future rural river regulation.
2019,35(1):6-13, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.01.002
Abstract:
In order to quantify the water consumption of winter wheat, and make use of the regional water resources rationally, water footprint of winter wheat in Haihe River Basin from 1958 to 2016 was accounted, and direct and indirect effects of meteorological and agricultural input on water footprint of winter wheat was analyzed based on Penman formula, daily scale soil water balance and path analysis. The results show that the years average total water footprint of winter wheat in the basin was 239. 6 billion m3 and the average unit water footprint was 1 840 m3/t. The water footprint shows a significantly decreasing trend. The water footprint was heterogeneous in space with the largest water footprint in Beijing and Tianjin, followed by Shanxi, Shandong and Henan. The total power of agricultural machinery and the amount of converted fertilizer application have the biggest direct effect on the water footprint of winter wheat. Meteorological factors influence water footprint of winter wheat mainly by input factors of agricultural production. Water footprint of winter wheat can be reduced by increasing agricultural productivity. Fertilization should be reduced in areas with high grey water footprint, such as Beijing and Tianjin.
In order to quantify the water consumption of winter wheat, and make use of the regional water resources rationally, water footprint of winter wheat in Haihe River Basin from 1958 to 2016 was accounted, and direct and indirect effects of meteorological and agricultural input on water footprint of winter wheat was analyzed based on Penman formula, daily scale soil water balance and path analysis. The results show that the years average total water footprint of winter wheat in the basin was 239. 6 billion m3 and the average unit water footprint was 1 840 m3/t. The water footprint shows a significantly decreasing trend. The water footprint was heterogeneous in space with the largest water footprint in Beijing and Tianjin, followed by Shanxi, Shandong and Henan. The total power of agricultural machinery and the amount of converted fertilizer application have the biggest direct effect on the water footprint of winter wheat. Meteorological factors influence water footprint of winter wheat mainly by input factors of agricultural production. Water footprint of winter wheat can be reduced by increasing agricultural productivity. Fertilization should be reduced in areas with high grey water footprint, such as Beijing and Tianjin.
2019,35(3):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.03.001
Abstract:
In view of the problems of in-situ or ectopic remediation technology of contaminated sediment, such as the need to introduce foreign materials, or the long-term occupation of land and the prone to secondary pollution, etc. , a contaminated sediment backfill technology(CSBT)was put forward, in which the dredged sediment is sintered into ceramists and backfilled into the original dredged area after dewatering, drying and harmless treatment. The potential of CSBT for remediation of sediment was discussed in terms of enhancing bed stability, clarifying mud-water interface, changing vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen in sediment and reducing pollutant release flux from sediment. Sediment dredging can directly remove most of the surface pollutants, while sintering at high temperature during the preparation of ceramsite can reduce the pollution of dredged sediment. The stability of the bed surface increases, the particles are not easy to suspend again under the same hydrodynamic conditions, the release flux of sediment decreases significantly, and the permeation depth of dissolved oxygen on the bed surface increases after ceramsite backfilling.
In view of the problems of in-situ or ectopic remediation technology of contaminated sediment, such as the need to introduce foreign materials, or the long-term occupation of land and the prone to secondary pollution, etc. , a contaminated sediment backfill technology(CSBT)was put forward, in which the dredged sediment is sintered into ceramists and backfilled into the original dredged area after dewatering, drying and harmless treatment. The potential of CSBT for remediation of sediment was discussed in terms of enhancing bed stability, clarifying mud-water interface, changing vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen in sediment and reducing pollutant release flux from sediment. Sediment dredging can directly remove most of the surface pollutants, while sintering at high temperature during the preparation of ceramsite can reduce the pollution of dredged sediment. The stability of the bed surface increases, the particles are not easy to suspend again under the same hydrodynamic conditions, the release flux of sediment decreases significantly, and the permeation depth of dissolved oxygen on the bed surface increases after ceramsite backfilling.
Journal information
- Supervisory Authority
Ministry of Education，P.R.China
- Sponsored by
Hohai University; Chinese Hydraulic Engineering Society
- Editor-in-Chief
WANG Peifang
- Address：
No.1 Xikang Road ,Nanjing 210098, P. R. China
- Postcode：
210098
- Phone：
025-83786642
- E-mail：
bh1985@vip.163.com,bh@hhu.edu.cn
- CN：
32-1356/TV
- ISSN：
1004-6933
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